2023年12月24日发(作者：吕忠翰)
medicinal药品,药物, 药的,药用的 be split into 分成，分为
pharmaceutical 药学的，制药的，药品 starting material
synthetic, 合成的，人造的，；synthetics化学合成品, synthesis合成(法), semisynthetic,
synthesize, syntheses
alkaloid 生物硷
lead structure 先导结构 intermediate 中间体
isolation 分离 natural source 天然来源
enzyme 酶 heart glycoside 强心苷
steroid 甾体 precursor 前体
organ/target organ 靶器官 peptide
hormone 激素 insulin
pancreas vaccine
polysaccharide serum
cholesterol 胆固醇 amino acid
gelatine hydrolysis水解/hydrolysate水解产物/hydrolyze水解
hydroxylation antibiotic 抗生素，抗菌的
antibody interferon 干扰素
fermentation 发酵 dextran 葡聚糖
ーlactam natural product
therapy/therapeutic治疗的/therapeutic margin
caffeine咖啡因 yeast
microbiological mutant
microorganism genetic
mould high performance
bacterial protein
mucous membrane
metabolism新陈代谢 metabolite代谢物
plasma 血浆 molecule /molecular weight
food additive organic
lactic acid乳酸 citric acid 柠檬酸
penicillin penicillium
tetracycline derivative衍生物
contamination污染 sterile无菌的
aerobic oxygen
carbon dioxide carbohydrate
starch saccharide/ polysaccharide
glucose葡萄糖 nitrogen
urea
Phosphate optimal
ammonium sulfate ammonia
separate filtrate
absorption extraction
recombinant encode
purification chromatographic procedure
calcium regiospecific reaction区域专一性反应
stereospecific reaction 立体专一性反应
isomerization/isomeric fructose
countless test diagnose diagnostic
analysis/ analyst/ analytical/ analyze protease
Ingredient in combination with
Digestion enymatic cleavage
By means of fumaric acid
Bind
immobilize racemate /racemic
acetyl heterogeneous
catalysis medium
ester synthetic route
registration compound
Organometallic pyridine
aromatic toluene
xylene phenol
recrystallization/crystal methanol/ethanol
acetone ethyl acetate
benzene/ chlorobenzene diethyl ether
sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid nitric acid
acetic acid potassium carbonate
chlorine/ chloride iodine/iodide
fluorine/ fluoride bromine/bromide
impurity quality certificate
GMP in large amount
facility
Inspection analogous
Hygienic be subjected to
administer/administration biologic response
biologic membrane to a large extent
penetration spatial arrangement
pharmacologic stereochemistry
three-dimensional structure lipid
structure-activity relationship steric
correlation parameter
partition coefficient distribution fuction
conformation extraction
optical isomerism/optical isomer enantiomorphic/ enantiomorph
by no means tartaric acid
Manually magnification
drug design polarized light
dextrorotatory levorotatory
Clokwise countclockwise
Antipode nonsuperimposable mirror image
Coincide with glyceraldehyde
Absolute literature
configuration crystallography
asymmetric center access
isomeric enantiomer
diastereoisomer atomic number
Priority
magnification solubility
spatial sequence
in vivo/in vitro receptor
intravenous injection静脉注射 be susceptible to敏感的
With respect to contract
Substrate epoxidation
carcinogen oxidation /oxidase
preparation predominant
species complex
dehydrase/dehydrogenase/decarboxylase/hydrolytic enzymes/isomerase/permease
Choline one out of every ten 十分之一
clinical 临床的 interaction
excrete/excretion inversion
Coordination Delay
Efficacy in place相称的，合适的
entity drug development
attrition toxicity/toxic/ toxicology/
Anti-infectives Healthcare
repro-toxicology/genotoxicity drug candidate
indication pharmacokinetics
adverse profile
formulary/formulation/formulor onset
dose/once a day dosing dosage/dosage form/overdosage
regulatory interdependent
subacute亚急性的/chronic clinical/preclinical
vital optimum/ optimize
impurity pilot plant
critical path criteria
update in parallel
adequate stability
potency dermal
cardiovascular 心血管的
respiratory nervous
concurrently label
synergies 协同作用 antagonize
reversible/irreversible permissible
lifespan disease
tumour inhaler
capsule rodent
foetal teratology
exposure patch
set-up hazard
On a large scale shelf-life
tannin caffeine
In common vacuum fitration
homogeneous gallic acid
hydroxyl group esterify
phenolic precipitate
non-hydrolyzable carboxyl group
acidic calcium carbonate
chloroform flavonoid
distillation sublimation
salicylic acid three neck round bottom flask
separatory funnel steam bath
distillation flask beaker
rinse ozone
ice water bath condenser
heparin digestion
Aside from fall into
Provide for as with
Cation compendial
Batch –to batch
coagulation clot
decolorize anticoagulant
precipitation methodology
extraneous intestinal
mucosa casing
nitrate proteolytic
degrade/ degradation peroxide
antithrombin thrombin
platelet aggregation
intratracheal parenteral
topical comatose
relegate tablet
syrup suspension
emulsion versus
breakage leakage
chip crack
taste masking expiration
Even partially portable
Adsorbent be free of / be free from
Preference 偏爱 otherwise ad.
Burden 负担，负重， on standing
microbiologic preservation
dispense bioavailability
systemic effects self-administration of medication
motion sickness medical emergency
另外，别样
搁置
sterile ophthalmic
irrigate mucous
abrade
Viable 能生长发育的，生存的 Mucous menbrane
Body compartment 体室，体腔 Body cavity
Circumvent 围绕，包围，智胜，防止…发生，迂回 Exceptionally 特殊地，异常地
Wound受伤 Vessel 管，脉管
Specialized 专业的，专业性的 By far 非常，更加
Monograph专题文章，专题论文 Stringent 严格的，严厉的
Inclusive 范围广的 Gravimetric 重量分析法的
Electrolytic 电介质的，电解的 Conductivity 电导率
Conductance 电导，电导性 Immerse 将…浸入
Electrode 电极 Specific 比的
Resistance Withstand 经受得住
Stress 恶劣的 Redictable 可预报的
Reproducible 可重现的 Necessary 必然的
Solubilizers 加溶剂 Chelate 螯合
Excipient 赋型剂 Ingredient 配料
Medicinal agent Dispense 使分散，使疏开，配方（药）
Ingenuity 独创性，精明 Formulator
Meager 贫乏的 Continuance 持续
pellet vehicle
gravimetric instantaneous
osmosis dissociate
pyrogen antioxidant
buffer tonicity
antifungal inhibitor
antifoaming colligative
extemporaneous specification
preparation optimize
accumulation availability
delivery/ deliver peroral
release sustain
gastrointestinal predefine
cavity margin
ionic/ion simulate
distinctly efficacy
paddle intestinal
interval a steady-state blood or tissue level
elimination blood vessel
electrode/electrolytic conductivity/conductance
resistance
excipient thermal
viable disintegration
residence time accomplish
maximum/maximize potentiate
prescribe uniformity
compliance specification
physiologic agitation
In the face of 面临 Fluctuation 波动
Deliberate 深思熟虑的 Peroral 经口的
Depot 仓库 Repository 仓库
Sustained release， Sustained action，
prolonged action， controlled release，
extended action， timed release，
repository dosage forms Implicit固有的
peak 峰 dump
maintenance dose maintenance period
methane, ethane, Propane, butane/tetrane, pentane
ethylene, Propylene/propene, butylene, 1-pentene
methanol,ethanol/ethyl alcohol, Propanol/ propyl alcohol, Butanol/Butyl alcohol,
1-pentanol
calibrate aseptic
stoichiometry replenishment
tubular product yields
circulate atomize
discrete reactant
material transfer regeneration
reactant conversion deviate from
viscosity
exothermic endothermic
short-circuiting 短路 laminar flow
adiabatic radial
product yields well-stirred batch reactor
reactor configuration semibatch reactor
continous-flow stirred-tank reactor
back-mixing返混 cross-section
pressue drop countercurrent
packed-column rate-limiting step
fluidized or fluid bed tubular reactor
tubular plug-flow reactor batch operation
turbulent trickle bed
multiplicity in series 逐次的，串联的
feed Cross－flow 错流，横向流
Panel－bed 板式床 reaction driving froces 反应驱动力
Chain－terminating Hydraulic 水力学的
mechanical seal 机械密封 viscous 粘滞的
Be prone to 倾向于, 易于
中药traditional Chinese drug
生药crude drug
草药medicinal herb
民族药ethnic drug
地产药材native drug
道地药材famous-region drug
中成药Chinese patent medicine
海洋生药学marine pharmacognosy
药用植物学medicinal botany
植物化学phytochemistry
植物化学分类学plant chemotaxonomy
生药拉丁名Latin name of crude drug
学名scientific name
来源source
混淆品adulterant
类同品allied drug
伪品counterfeit drug
代用品substitute
掺伪adulteration
天然产物natural product
化学成分chemical constituent
有效成分effective constituent
主成分main constituent
活性成分active constituent
莽草酸途径shikimic acid pathway
乙酸一丙二酸途径acetate-malonate pathway
乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径acetate-mevalonate pathway
单糖monosaccharide
戊糖pentose
己精hexose
庚糖heptose
辛糖octose
脱氧糖deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar
呋喃糖furanose
吡喃糖pyranose
寡糖oligosaccharide
二糖disaccharide
三糖trisaccharide
四糖tetrasaccharide
五糖pentosacc haride
多糖polysaccharide
淀粉starch
树胶gum
果胶pectin
半纤维素hemicellulose
纤维素cellulose
甲壳质chitin
肝素heparin
硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate
玻璃酸hyaluronic acid
直链淀粉amylose
支链淀粉amylopectin
糖原glycogen
费林试验Fehling test
苷glycoside
糖杂体heteroside
苷元aglycone
苦杏仁酶emulsin
氰苷cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside
酚苷phenolic glycoside
多酚polyphenol
醛苷aldehyde glycoside
醇苷alcoholic glycoside
吲哚苷indole glycoside
树脂醇苷resinol glycoside
硫苷thioglycoside
呫吨酮xanthone
呫吨酮苷xanthonoid glycoside
蒽醌anthraquinone
蒽醌苷anthraquinone glycoside
蒽酚anthranol
氧化蒽酚oxanthranol
蒽酮anthrone
二蒽酮dianthrone
羟基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone
博恩特雷格反应Borntrager reaction
黄酮类flavonoid
黄酮苷flavonoid glycoside
黄酮flavone
黄烷flavane
黄酮醇flavonol
黄烷酮flavanone
黄烷酮醇flavanonol
异黄酮isoflavone
异黄烷酮isoflavanone
新黄酮类neoflavonoid
裂环烯醚萜苷secoiridoid glycoside
木脂体lignan
木脂内酯lignanolide
新木脂体neolignan
木素lignin
萜terpene
萜类terpenoid
半萜hemiterpene
单萜monoterpene
倍半萜sesquiterpene
二萜diterpene
三萜triterpene
四萜tetraterpene
多萜polyterpene
齐墩果烷oleanane
挥发油volatile oil
精油essential oil
鞣质tannin
鞣酸tannic acid
可水解鞣质hydrolysable tannin
缩合鞣质condensed tannin
鞣酐phlobaphene
鞣花鞣质ellagitannin
没食子鞣质gallotannin
双缩脲反应biuret reaction
脂肪fat
脂肪油fatty oil
去油de-fatting
蜡wax
环烯醚萜苷iridoid glycoside
环烯醚萜iridoid
裂环烯醚苷secoiridoid
皂化saponification
酸败rancidity
饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid
不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid
有机酸organic acid
树脂resin
油树脂oleoresin
树胶树脂gum resin
香树脂balsam
香脂酸balsamic acid
苷树脂glycosidal resin
苦味素bitter principle
色素pigment
微量元素trace element
生物碱alkaloid
吖啶生物碱acridine alkaloid
阿朴啡类生物碱aporphine alkaloid
苄基异喹啉生物碱benzylisoquinoline alkaloid
双苄基异喹啉生物碱bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid
双吲哚生物碱bisindole alkaloid
咪唑生物碱imidazole alkaloid
吲哚生物碱indole alkaloid
吲哚联啶生物碱indolizidine alkaloid
吲哚烷胺生物碱indolylalkylamine alkaloid
异喹啉生物碱isoquinoline alkaloid
大环生物碱macrocyclic alkaloid
吗啡烷生物碱morphinane alkaloid
羟吲哚生物碱oxindole alkaloid
菲啶生物碱phenanthridine alkaloid
苯烷胺生物碱phenylalkylamine alkaloid
哌啶生物碱piperidine alkaloid
嘌呤生物碱purine alkaloid
吡啶生物碱pyridine alkaloid
吡咯生物碱pyrrolidine alkaloid
吡咯联啶生物碱pyrrolizidine alkaloid
喹唑啉生物碱quinazoline alkaloid
喹啉生物碱quinoline alkaloid
喹啉联啶生物碱quinolizidine alkaloid
甾体生物碱steroid alkaloid
萜类生物碱terpenoid alkaloid
四氢异喹啉生物碱tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid
碘化汞钾试剂Mayer's reagent
碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorff's reagent
碘化钾碘试剂Wagner's reagent
硅钨酸试剂Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent
磷钼酸试剂Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent
苦味酸试剂Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent
矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液Mandelin test solution
钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液Frohde test solution
甲醛-浓硫酸试液Marquis test solution
莨菪烷tropane
莨菪烷生物碱tropane alkaloid
除虫菊素类pyrethroid
-acetal 醛缩醇
acetal- 乙酰
acid 酸
-al 醛
alcohol 醇
-aldehyde 醛
alkali- 碱
allyl 丙烯基
alkoxy- 烷氧基
-amide 酰胺
amino- 氨基的
-amidine 脒
-amine 胺
-ane 烷
anhydride 酐
anilino- 苯胺基
aquo- 含水的
-ase 酶
-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯
-atriyne 三炔
azo- 偶氮
benzene 苯
bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐
bis- 双
-borane 硼烷
bromo- 溴
butyl 丁基
-carbinol 甲醇
carbonyl 羰基
-caboxylic acid 羧酸
centi- 10-2
chloro- 氯代
cis- 顺式
condensed 缩合的、冷凝的
cyclo- 环
deca- 十
deci 10-1
-dine 啶
dodeca- 十二
-ene 烯
epi- 表
epoxy- 环氧
-ester 酯
-ether 醚
ethoxy- 乙氧基
ethyl 乙基
fluoro- 氟代
-form 仿
-glycol 二醇
hemi- 半
hendeca- 十一
hepta- 七
heptadeca- 十七
hexa- 六
hexadeca- 十六
-hydrin 醇
hydro- 氢或水
hydroxyl 羟基
hypo- 低级的，次
-ic 酸的，高价金属
-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐
-il 偶酰
-imine 亚胺
iodo- 碘代
iso- 异，等，同
-ite 亚酸盐
keto- 酮
ketone 酮
-lactone 内酯
mega- 106
meta- 间，偏
methoxy- 甲氧基
methyl 甲基
micro- 10-6
milli- 10-3
mono- ( mon-) 一，单
nano- 10-9
nitro- 硝基
nitroso- 亚硝基
nona- 九
nonadeca- 十
octa- 八
octadeca- 十八
-oic 酸的
-ol 醇
-one 酮
ortho- 邻，正，原
-ous 亚酸的，低价金属
oxa- 氧杂
-oxide 氧化合物
-oxime 肟
oxo- 酮
oxy- 氧化
-oyl 酰
para- 对位，仲
penta- 五
pentadeca- 十五
per- 高，过
petro- 石油
phenol 苯酚
phenyl 苯基
pico- 10-12
poly- 聚，多
quadri- 四
quinque- 五
semi- 半
septi- 七
sesqui 一个半
sexi- 六
sulfa- 磺胺
sym- 对称
syn- 顺式，同，共
ter- 三
tetra- 四
tetradeca- 十四
tetrakis- 四个
thio- 硫代
trans- 反式，超，跨
-yl 基
-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）
-yne 炔
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