2023年9月18日发(作者：解晓安)

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外文文献翻译

论文题目：基于Web的网络拼车自助服务系统

原文：

Related technologies：on the ASP. NET

1.1With regard to the origin of ASP

ASP (Active Server Pages) is a relatively new technology that’s already leapt

through several stages of evolution. It was introduced about seven years ago as an

easy way to add dynamic content to ordinary web pages. Since then, it’s grown into

something much more ambitious: a platform for creating advanced web applications,

including e-commerce shops, data-driven portal sites, and just about anything else you

can find on the 2.0 is the latest version of ASP, and it represents

the most dramatic change yet. With , developers no longer need to paste

together a jumble of HTML and script code in order to program the Web. Instead, you

can create full-scale web applications using nothing but code and a design tool such as

Visual Studio 2005. The cost of all this innovation is the learning curve. Not only do

you need to learn how to use an advanced design tool (Visual Studio) and a toolkit of

objects (the .NET Framework), you also need to master a programming language such

as C#.The Internet began in the late 1960s as an experiment. Its goal was to create a

truly resilient information network—one that could withstand the loss of several

computers without preventing the others from communicating. Driven by potential

disaster scenar-ios (such as nuclear attack), the U.S. Department of Defense provided

the initial early Internet was mostly limited to educational institutions

and defense contrac-tors. It flourished as a tool for academic collaboration, allowing

researchers across the globe to share information. In the early 1990s, modems were

created that could work over existing phone lines, and the Internet began to open up to

commercial users. In 1993, the first HTML browser was created, and the Internet

revolution began..It would be difficult to describe early websites as web applications.

Instead, the first gen-eration of websites often looked more like brochures, consisting

mostly of fixed HTML pages that needed to be updated by HTML page is

a little like a word-processing document—it contains formatted content that can be

displayed on your computer, but it doesn’t actually do anything. The following

example shows HTML at its simplest, with a document that contains a heading and

single line of text:An HTML document has two types of content: the text and the tags

that tell the browser how to format it. The tags are easily recognizable, because they

occur inside angled brack-ets (< >). HTML defines tags for different levels of

headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks, italic and bold formatting, horizontal lines, and so

on. For example,

Some Text

tells the browser to display Some Text in the

Heading 1 style, which uses a large, bold font. the simple HTML page in a

2.0 introduced the first seed of web programming with a technology

called HTML forms. HTML forms expand HTML so that it includes not only

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formatting tags but also tags for graphical widgets, or controls. These controls include

common ingredients such as drop-down lists, text boxes, and buttons. Here’s a sample

web page created with HTML form controls:HTML forms allow web application

developers to design standard input pages. When the user clicks the Submit button, all

the data in the input controls (in this case, the two check boxes) is patched together

into one long string and sent to the web server. On the server side, a custom

application receives and processes the data. Amazingly enough, the controls that were

created for HTML forms more than ten years ago are still the basic foundation that

you’ll use to build dynamic pages! The difference is the type of application

that runs on the server side. In the past, when the user clicked a button on a form page,

the information might have been e-mailed to a set account or sent to an application on

the server that used the challenging CGI (Common Gateway Interface) standard.

1.2. Technique

is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast

set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In

the following two sections, you learn how fits within the .NET framework,

and you learn about the languages you can use in your pages.

1.2.1The .NET Framework Class Library

Imagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple

programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the

functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each

language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working

with databases, and manipulating strings.

Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every

language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax

of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional

written in C++, the programming function is the same.

Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most

languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example.

The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the

basic data type is the same.

Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work.

Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality

once and use it for every language?

The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of

classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example,

the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the

file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more

specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and

handling network protocols.

The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic

variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.

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Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library

contains classes for building pages. You need to understand, however, that

you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your

pages.

1.2.2. Building Forms with Web Server Controls

You use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form

elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls

in your pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The

following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of

these Web controls.

1.2.3. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls

Traditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form

validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your

server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.

The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can

provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value

in a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring

a roundtrip back to the server.

People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall

user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not

all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different

versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.

For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form

validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions

correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.

Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to

make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both

client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript,

client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is

incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically

implemented in server-side code.

You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with

Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side

scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.

Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator Control

You use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a

value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is

wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as

RadioButtonList.

Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator Control

You can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form

field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has

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entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or

password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation

tasks are provided in the following sections.

Comparing Values: The CompareValidator Control

The CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered

into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a

particular number, or a value entered into another control.

Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary Control

Imagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation

controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an

error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll

down to the 48th form field to find the error message.

Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the

Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of

a page, or wherever else you want.

1.2.4Working with View State

By default, almost all controls retain the values of their properties

between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the

form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are

preserved.

The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or

browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or

application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called

VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.

When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the

performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control

that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the

page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the

page's view state between form posts.

1.3Displaying and Hiding Content

Imagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example,

imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a

section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.

Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You

might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions

depending on a user's preferences.

Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a

person views only one part of the tax form at a time.

In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide

and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled

properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page

content.

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1.3.1Using the Visible and Enabled Properties

Every control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property

that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has

the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed

for either pre-rendering or rendering.

Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named

Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer

version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used

with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear

ghosted, but it does not function.

1.3.2Disabling View State

In certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual

control or for an page as a whole. For example, you might have a control

that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options).

You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you

are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the

page.

1.3.3Using Rich Controls

In the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich

controls in the framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to

display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner

advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads

3. Final Report

With the rapid development of computer applications, web applications continue

to expand, such as distance education and the emergence of virtual universities, etc.,

and these applications are moving into the tens of thousands of households. It is an

urgent requirement to use these technologies to conduct online examinations, in order

to reduce the workload of teachers and improve productivity at the same time improve

the quality of the exam, so that examinations have become more civil, objective, and

more to stimulate students interest in learning. The system and the new technology

will become the future trend of development.

外文文献翻译

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学生姓名：杨亚男 论文题目：基于的计算机网络课程考试系统

指导教师：赵林莉 技术职称：讲师

译文：

相关技术,关于

1.1 起源

ASP(动态服务器主页)是一种较新的技术,它已经过几个阶段的发展(进化).

它是怎么诞生的呢?在七年前,它作为一种简单的方法来往普通网页里添加动态

内容。自从那时以后，它的发展势头强劲：作为高级网页程序的开发平台，包括：

电子商务网站、基于事件驱动的门户网站和你在网上能看到的其他所有东西。

3.5 是ASP的较新版本,而且拥有最让人激动的更新。在帮

助下，在网络编程时，开发者不再把一大堆HTML源码和脚本代码杂乱地放在

同一页面上。你可以完全使用代码和工具（Visual Studio 2005）来创建网页程序。

这些创新的代价仅仅是多学一些东西。你要学一些高级开发工具（Visual Studio）

和工具包（the .NET Framework），而且你需要精通一门编程语言，如C＃。网

络发展的演化因特网是在1960年末在试验中诞生的。它的目标是：建立一个真

实的、有弹性的信息网络——可以经受的起若干数量的电脑的崩溃，而不至于阻

断其他电脑的正常通信。经得起潜在的重大灾难（如核武器攻击）。美国国防部

提供了刚开始的研究基金。最早的因特网局限在教育机构和从事国防的单位。它

因为作为学术研究的一种工具而繁荣，它让全球的研究人员可以彼此共享信息。

到了1990初，伟大的“猫”诞生了，它通过电话线工作，从此，因特网向商业用

户打开了大门。在1993年，第一个HTML浏览器诞生了，标志着因特网革命的

到来。我们很难把最早的网页称为网页序。第一代的网页看起来更像小册子：主

要由固定的HTML页面构成，这些也都需要手动修改。 一个简单的HTML页

面有点像一个字处理文档——它包含了格式化的内容，可以在你的电脑上显示，

但是并不完成其他任何功能。上面的就是一个最简单的例子，文档包括头信息和

单行文本。一个HTML文档有两种类型的内容：文本和标记（告诉浏览器如何

格式化）。这些标记很容易辨认，因为它们总是出现在< 和 >之间。HTML定

义了不同级别的标题、段落、超链接、斜体和粗体格式、水平线等。举个例子：

某个文本

，告诉浏览器用标题1的格式来显示这个文本，就是用最大

的黑体字来显示。提示：你不需要精通HTML就能进行网页编程，虽

然它（HTML）是很有用的。为了快速介绍一下HTML，给大家介绍一个网上的

优秀HTML指南。HTML 2.0 首次引入了一个网页编程的新技术，称为HTML

表单。HTML表单扩展了HTML的功能，不仅包含了格式化标签，而且包含了

窗体小部件或者叫控件。这些控件包含了普通的功能部件，如下拉列表、文本框

和按钮。下面是一个由HTML表单控件创建的网页。网页表单允许网页程序设

计师设计标准的输入页面。当用户单击提交按钮，所有在输入控件中的数据（在

这个例子中是两个复选框）将打包成一个长字符串，接着发送到服务器。在服务

器端，一个客户程序接收和处理这些数据。令人惊奇的是:这些为HTML表单创

建有超过十年之久的控件仍然是你用来创建页面的基础。不同的是这

些程序控件将运行在服务器端。在过去，当用户单击一个表单页面的按钮时，信

息要通过e-mail来发送或者使用在服务器端运行的程序（通过CGI标准）。

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1.2 技术

是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用

的类，满足各种编程需要。 在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会 很适

合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的 页面中使用语言。

1.2.1 .NET类库

假想你是微软。 假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如 Visual Basic 、

JScript 和 C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。 举例来说，对于每一种

语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。

此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。 每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循

环语句和条件语句。 即使用 Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C++ 写

的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。

最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。 以大多数的语言，你有

设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。举例来说，整型数据最大值和最小值可

能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。

对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。 为什么继续再创轮子?

对所有的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容

易。

.NET类库不完全是那样。 它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。举例来说，.NET

类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。除此之外，

它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。

.NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如：字符

串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。

最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的 页面的类。

然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。

1.2.2 用Web服务器控件创建窗体

你用几个基本Web控件来代替标准的 HTML 窗体元素，例如radio buttons、

text boxes, and list boxes. 你能够用这些控件为你的Web应用程序在你的

页面中创建用户界面。

1.2.3 用验证控件做页面验证

传统地，当增加验证到他们的页面中时，他们会面临一个严峻的选择。你可

以添加窗体页面验证规则到你的服务器端代码，或者是添加验证规则到你的客户

端代码。

写验证代码到客户端代码中的优势能够及时反馈到你的用户。举例来说，一

个使用者忽略在一个要求检验的字段中输入一个值，你能够及时的显示一个错误

信息而不需要返回到服务器端解决。

人们喜欢客户端的验证。 它看起来很棒而且产生一种比较好的效果。然而，

问题是它不与所有的浏览器兼容。 不是所有的浏览器支持 JavaScript、不同版

本的浏览器的不同版本支持 JavaScript，所以客户端验证没有保障。

由于这个原因，许多开发者在过去决定添加自定义验证到服务器端。因为服

务器端代码能够和任何浏览器协同工作。就这样的做法更有安全的保障。

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幸运地，正如在章节讨论的这些验证控件不会强迫你做困难的选择。这些验

证控件会自动地产生客户端代码和服务器端代码。 如果一个浏览器有能力支持

JavaScript ，客户端的验证脚本将会自动返回到浏览器。如果一个浏览器不支持

JavaScript，那个验证规则会自动在服务器端代码中执行。

然而你需要注意的是，客户端的验证仅仅能够工作在IE4.0或更高的版本。

尤其，正如这一章讨论的客户端脚本不可能在任意本本的浏览器中运行。

控制字段: RequiredFieldValidator 控件

你用这个控件来检查在一个Web窗体中是否为空， 典型地，你和 TextBox

控件一起使用这个控件。然而，这个控件也可以用在其他的输入型控件，例如：

RadioButtonList.控件。

验证表达式: RegularExpressionValidator 控件

你能使用 RegularExpressionValidator 控件来验证输入的值是否和定义的正

则表达式相匹配。 例如：你能使用这控件来检查一个用户是否输入一个合法的

电子邮件地址，电话号码，用户名或密码。怎样用一个正则表达式来完成这些验

证任务将会在下面的例子中一一列出。

比较值: CompareValidator 控件

这个CompareValidator 控件用于比较一个输入的数据和另外一个值是否相

同。另外一个值可能是固定值，例如：一个特定的数字或者是输入到另一个控件

中的一个值。

总结错误: ValidationSummary 控件

假想一个页面有50个字段假如你仅仅用上部分讨论的那些验证控件来显示

错误看见一个错误在页面中将是很难的。例如：你可能需要滚动到第48个页面

字段来找到这个错误信息。

幸好，微软除了包含上面提到的控件还包括 ValidationSummary 控件。 你

能用这控件综合所有的错误信息在一个页面的上端或者你想要的任何一个地方。

1.2.4保存浏览状态

默认地，几乎所有的 控件都会在先前的窗体中保留他们的属性

值。 举例来说，如果你输入文本到一个Lebel标签上然后提交那个页面，当那

个页面再次被访问那个Lebel标签的内容将会被保存下来。

浏览状态的妙处是它不依赖任何的特定服务器或浏览器的属性。尤其，它不

依赖cookies, session变量、或应用程序变量。 浏览状态在一个名叫做

VIEWSTATE的隐藏页面中执行，这个隐藏页面自动创建每个Web窗体。

当灵活的应用时, 浏览状态能够在你的网站中产生艺术性的和积极的效果，

例如：如果你在一个支持浏览状态的控件中显示数据库数据，你不需要每次都返

回到需要反馈到服务器的数据库页面。你能够自动地保存页面里的数据状态。

1.3显示和隐藏内容

假想你正在用一个可选择的部分创造页面。 举例来说，假想你正在创造一

种在线纳税系统，而且你想要显示或者隐藏一个包含适用于已婚的税文件编档员

的问题的部分。

或者, 假想你想要添加一个帮助按钮到网站上去。你可能想要隐藏或者显示

完成依靠用户参考的问题的详细说明。

参考设计材料，包含项目源代码，屏幕录像指导、项目运行截图、项目设计说明书、任务书、报告书以及文献参考翻译

等，完整的设计文件及源代码，资料请联系68661508索要

更多相关参考论文设计文档【WORD可编辑】资源请访问/lzj781219

最后，假想你想要把一个tax form 变成很多页面，以便一个人每次只看那

个tax form的一部分。

在下列的部分中，你学会用属性设置在一个窗体中来隐藏或显示控件。你学

会用单个控件和一组控件设置Visible and Enabled属性来隐藏和显示页面内容。

1.3.1使用Visible and Enabled属性

每个控件,包括 HTML 和Web控件,有一个Visible 属性来决定那个控件是

否可见。 当一个控件的Visible是false值，那个控件就不会在页面上显示；那

个控件也不会进一步运行。

Web控件 (不是每个HTML 控件) 还有一个叫Enabled的属性。当Enabled

的属性是false值，你用的浏览器是IE4.0或更高的版本那个控件被封住了，也不

起作用了，当用其他的浏览器的时候，如：网景浏览器那个控件不会被封，但它

也是不起作用的。

1.3.2使浏览状态失效

在特定的环境中，你可能想要对一个单独的控件或页面作为一个

整体的浏览状态失效。 举例来说, 你可能使用一个有包含许多数据的控件.(假想

一个RadioButtonList 控件控制1,000 个选项)假如你担心页面数据会大大的降低

页面的显示速度，你可能不想要加载数据到隐藏的VIEWSTATE页面字段。

1.3.3使用丰富页面的控件

在下列的部分中，你学会在 Framework怎样使用三种特征控件。

学会该如何使用日历控件显示交互式日历，AdRotator控件显示滚动的广告，

HTMLInputFile控件来接受文件的上传。

1.4总结

随着计算机应用的迅猛发展，网络应用不断扩大，如远程教育和虚拟大学的

出现等等，且这些应用正逐步深入到千家万户。人们迫切要求利用这些技术来进

行在线考试，以减轻教师的工作负担及提高工作效率，与此同时也提高了考试的

质量，从而使考试更趋于公证、客观，更加激发考生的学习兴趣。这项系统和新

技术必将成为未来发展的趋势。

参考设计材料，包含项目源代码，屏幕录像指导、项目运行截图、项目设计说明书、任务书、报告书以及文献参考翻译

等，完整的设计文件及源代码，资料请联系68661508索要